Portrait of Alfred Jodl

Photo: Unknown author Unknown author · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Wikimedia Commons

Born in Germany · Nationality German — Wehrmacht / OKW / wars of aggression / war crimes / Nuremberg

Alfred Jodl

Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “1953: attempted posthumous rehabilitation by Bavarian denazification tribunal, subsequently revoked” and “1946: convicted on all four counts at Nuremberg and executed”.

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Profile No. 2632 · Updated on 12 October 2026

Portrait of Alfred Jodl

Photo: Unknown author Unknown author · CC BY-SA 3.0 de · Wikimedia Commons

11Documented controversies
3Sources
1 followed by a conviction

I. Documented controversies

01

February–September 1953

1953: attempted posthumous rehabilitation by Bavarian denazification tribunal, subsequently revoked

Civil / administrative proceedings

In February 1953, a Bavarian Spruchkammer found that Jodl should not have been classified among the principal offenders and issued a decision favourable to his estate. The relevant Bavarian minister revoked the decision in September 1953 so as not to call the Nuremberg judgment into question.

State of the evidence
Documented

Sources · 1

  1. [1]
    Deutsches Historisches MuseumLeMO Biografie — Alfred JodlArchiveVery high reliability

Last verified: 14 September 2026

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Case · 9 documented stages

1946: convicted on all four counts at Nuremberg and executed

Conviction
02

1–16 October 1946

1946: convicted on all four counts at Nuremberg and executed

Conviction

The International Military Tribunal found Jodl guilty of conspiracy, crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes against humanity. He was sentenced to death and hanged on 16 October 1946.

Attribution
Accused

Sources · 3

  1. [1]
    Avalon Project — Yale Law SchoolJudgment: JodlCourt decisionVery high reliability
  2. [2]
    United States Holocaust Memorial MuseumAlfred JodlArchiveVery high reliability
  3. [3]
    Deutsches Historisches MuseumLeMO Biografie — Alfred JodlArchiveVery high reliability

Last verified: 14 September 2026

Add to this entry

03

18 October 1942–25 June 1944

1942–1944: transmission and reaffirmation of Commando Order requiring extrajudicial execution of Allied commandos

Conviction

The memorandum covering the Commando Order was signed by Jodl; his staff had participated in drafting it. In June 1944, he also initialled an OKW memorandum reaffirming the order after the Normandy landings.

State of the evidence
Established by a court
Attribution
Directly implicated

Sources · 1

  1. [1]
    Avalon Project — Yale Law SchoolJudgment: JodlCourt decisionVery high reliability

Last verified: 14 September 2026

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04

28 October 1944

1944: forced evacuation and scorched-earth order in northern Norway

Conviction

Jodl transmitted an order to evacuate the population of northern Norway and burn homes so that they could not assist the Red Army. The judgment cites Norwegian figures showing actual evacuations and tens of thousands of damaged buildings.

State of the evidence
Documented
Attribution
Directly implicated

Sources · 1

  1. [1]
    Avalon Project — Yale Law SchoolJudgment: JodlCourt decisionVery high reliability

Last verified: 14 September 2026

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05

7 November 1943

1943: call for “ruthless vigour” to compel labour on Atlantic Wall

Conviction

In a speech to the Gauleiter, Jodl stated that ruthless vigour and determination were needed in Denmark, France and the Netherlands to force people to work on the Atlantic Wall.

State of the evidence
Documented
Attribution
Personally implicated

Sources · 1

  1. [1]
    Avalon Project — Yale Law SchoolJudgment: JodlCourt decisionVery high reliability

Last verified: 14 September 2026

Add to this entry

06

January–April 1941

1941: involvement in decisions against Greece and Yugoslavia, including bombing Belgrade without declaration of war

Conviction

Jodl initialled the order concerning intervention in Albania, attended conferences preparing the occupation of Greece and was present when Hitler ordered Yugoslavia to be destroyed with extreme severity and Belgrade bombed without a declaration of war.

State of the evidence
Established by a court
Attribution
Command responsibility

Sources · 1

  1. [1]
    Avalon Project — Yale Law SchoolJudgment: JodlCourt decisionVery high reliability

Last verified: 14 September 2026

Add to this entry

07

July 1940–June 1941

1940–1941: planning Operation Barbarossa against Soviet Union

Conviction

As early as July 1940, Jodl instructed his deputy to prepare attack plans against the USSR, initialled directives continuing the preparations and then “Case Barbarossa”, and participated in the final conferences before the invasion.

State of the evidence
Established by a court
Attribution
Directly implicated

Sources · 2

  1. [1]
    Avalon Project — Yale Law SchoolJudgment: JodlCourt decisionVery high reliability
  2. [2]
    United States Holocaust Memorial MuseumAlfred JodlArchiveVery high reliability

Last verified: 14 September 2026

Add to this entry

09

December 1939–May 1940

1939–1940: preparation of invasions of Norway and Denmark and operations in the West

Conviction

As OKW chief of operations, Jodl discussed the invasion of Norway with Hitler, Keitel and Raeder, participated in preparations against Norway and Denmark and signed several postponements of the western offensive.

State of the evidence
Established by a court
Attribution
Directly implicated

Sources · 2

  1. [1]
    Avalon Project — Yale Law SchoolJudgment: JodlCourt decisionVery high reliability
  2. [2]
    United States Holocaust Memorial MuseumAlfred JodlArchiveVery high reliability

Last verified: 14 September 2026

Add to this entry

10

February–March 1938

1938: military pressure against Austria and operational preparation of Anschluss

Conviction

The Nuremberg judgment found that Jodl participated with Keitel in measures of military pressure against Austria, provided the existing staff plan and initialled and expanded the directives for Operation “Otto” that led to the entry of German forces.

State of the evidence
Established by a court
Attribution
Directly implicated

Sources · 2

  1. [1]
    Avalon Project — Yale Law SchoolJudgment: JodlCourt decisionVery high reliability
  2. [2]
    Deutsches Historisches MuseumLeMO Biografie — Alfred JodlArchiveVery high reliability

Last verified: 14 September 2026

Add to this entry

11

1938

1938: planning attack on Czechoslovakia and preparation of triggering incident

Conviction

Notes considered by the Tribunal show Jodl was highly active in military preparations against Czechoslovakia, including discussions about when an “incident” should provide the pretext for German intervention.

State of the evidence
Established by a court
Attribution
Directly implicated

Sources · 1

  1. [1]
    Avalon Project — Yale Law SchoolJudgment: JodlCourt decisionVery high reliability

Last verified: 14 September 2026

Add to this entry

08

7 October 1941

1941: order refusing possible surrender of Leningrad or Moscow and providing for their destruction

Civil / administrative proceedings

Jodl signed an order stating that Hitler would not accept an offer of surrender from Leningrad or Moscow and instead intended to destroy them completely.

State of the evidence
Documented
Attribution
Directly implicated

Sources · 1

  1. [1]
    Avalon Project — Yale Law SchoolJudgment: JodlCourt decisionVery high reliability

Last verified: 14 September 2026

Add to this entry

II. Constellation of documented links

No documented link with another published profile for now.

Two profiles are linked when a documented controversy of one names the other. The link points to that controversy and its sources; it does not indicate a personal relationship.

III. Has something changed?

A new court decision, a missing source, a mistake? Tell us what should be updated: every request is read by the editorial team.

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