Ben Johnson

Johnson sued his former lawyer Edward Futerman and subsequently his estate, alleging negligence, breach of trust, unauthorised payments and lost opportunities, among other claims. His claim increased to $37 million. In 2012, the Ontario Superior Court dismissed it by summary judgment.

Attribution

Protagonist is the complainant

Johnson accepted a highly lucrative contract to train Saadi Gaddafi, son of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, personally and potentially advise the national team. At the time, the collaboration was widely portrayed as an association between two already controversial figures.

State of the evidence

Documented

Attribution

Directly implicated

A Canadian arbitrator identified procedural irregularities and concluded that Johnson could seek reinstatement in Canada. However, the IAAF refused to recognise this route and maintained his international ban.

Attribution

Directly implicated

Johnson again tested positive, this time for hydrochlorothiazide, a prohibited diuretic that can be used as a masking agent.

Attribution

Directly implicated

Johnson attempted to have his lifetime ban invalidated before Canadian courts, arguing in particular that it constituted an unreasonable restriction on his ability to pursue his profession. His application was dismissed.

Attribution

Protagonist is the complainant

After returning from his first suspension, Johnson was again found to have committed a violation following a test revealing an abnormally high hormonal ratio consistent with exogenous testosterone administration.

State of the evidence

Documented

Attribution

Directly implicated

Following his second violation, Johnson was banned for life from international athletics. He announced his retirement and decided not to pursue an immediate sporting appeal, while maintaining that he had not used steroids in this second episode.

State of the evidence

Documented

Attribution

Directly implicated

Johnson won the 100 m at the Rome World Championships in 9.83 seconds, setting a world record. Following his 1989 admissions of steroid use before that competition, the record and title were removed from the official records.

State of the evidence

Admitted by the person

Attribution

Directly implicated

Before the Dubin Commission, Johnson admitted knowingly using steroids and taking them before his 1987 Rome record. These statements contradicted the denials he had made after Seoul.

State of the evidence

Admitted by the person

Attribution

Directly implicated

During the Dubin inquiry in 1989, Ben Johnson admitted using steroids over several years and knowing as early as 1983 that he was receiving performance-enhancing substances.

Attribution

Directly implicated

After winning the Olympic 100 m in 9.79 seconds, Johnson tested positive for stanozolol. He was disqualified, stripped of his gold medal and world record, and suspended for two years.

State of the evidence

Documented

Attribution

Directly implicated