Dwain Chambers

The Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled that the BOA's lifetime Olympic ban constituted an additional sanction incompatible with the World Anti-Doping Code. Chambers became eligible for selection for London 2012.

Attribution

Directly implicated

In his autobiography, Chambers described an extremely structured programme, claiming to have taken hundreds of doses of performance-enhancing substances over a year while passing several tests without detection. The book also alleged that a significant proportion of the US team at the Beijing Olympics had used substances; UK Sport asked him to formalise his information, and the IAAF ultimately announced that it would take no further disciplinary action against him on the basis of the book.

State of the evidence

Admitted by the person

Attribution

Directly implicated

Chambers publicly stated that athletes who had doped could retain an advantage and that doping science was often ahead of testers, fuelling debate about the credibility of the anti-doping system.

State of the evidence

Documented

Attribution

Directly implicated

After returning, Chambers notably won world indoor silver, but several organisers of major athletics meetings refused to invite him under a policy of excluding athletes previously sanctioned for doping.

State of the evidence

Documented

Attribution

Directly implicated

Chambers urgently asked the High Court to suspend the British Olympic Association rule imposing a lifetime Olympic ban on athletes convicted of doping offences. The court dismissed his application, preventing him from competing in Beijing.

Attribution

Protagonist is the complainant

Following a review of the case, the IAAF annulled Chambers's performances throughout the period from 1 January 2002 to 1 August 2003, affecting, among other results, his performances at the 2002 European Championships and other international competitions.

State of the evidence

Documented

Attribution

Directly implicated

Before being allowed to compete again, Chambers had to resolve the repayment of approximately £120,000 in winnings and bonuses linked to the annulled period. World Athletics subsequently confirmed that he could resume competition immediately.

State of the evidence

Documented

Attribution

Directly implicated

Chambers's return to the European champion British relay team sparked considerable controversy. Darren Campbell, whose earlier medal had been lost because of the Chambers case, refused to join the team on its victory lap.

State of the evidence

Documented

Athletics authorities suspended Chambers for two years for the THG violation.

State of the evidence

Documented

Attribution

Directly implicated

Chambers subsequently admitted following a BALCO-linked doping programme involving THG, EPO, growth hormone, testosterone/epitestosterone, insulin and other substances.

State of the evidence

Admitted by the person

Attribution

Directly implicated

An out-of-competition test conducted on 1 August 2003 detected THG in Chambers, one of the earliest high-profile cases linked to the BALCO scandal.

State of the evidence

Documented

Attribution

Directly implicated