Photo: Wikimedia Commons
Born in Italy · Nationality Italian — Politics / regimes / war
Documented profile covering 14 controversies, including “1994: Departure for Hammamet and prolonged absence from Italian trials” and “1999: Appeal conviction in Enimont case, without final judgment before death”.
Profile No. 2269 · Updated on 12 October 2026
§ Legal statuses reflect the documented sources as of the date shown; they replace neither court decisions nor the presumption of innocence. Counts are not a rating. Methodology
Case · 3 documented stages
1994–2000
Craxi settled in Tunisia in early 1994 and remained there until his death while several proceedings and convictions continued in Italy.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
1996-11-12
The Court of Cassation upheld Craxi's five-year, six-month corruption sentence in the ENI-SAI case concerning slush funds and a failed transaction between the two companies.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
1992–1993
From 1992, the Mani Pulite investigations uncovered illicit funding networks involving the PSI and Craxi personally, making him one of the central figures in Tangentopoli.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
1999-10-01
Craxi was convicted on appeal in October 1999 over bribes in the Enimont affair.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
1998
The Court of Cassation made a second conviction against Craxi final over bribes paid in connection with Metropolitana Milanese contracts.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
1997–annulation ultérieure
An appeal conviction concerned illegal PSI funding through the 'conto protezione', linked to funds passing through ENI, Banco Ambrosiano and UBS. The Court of Cassation nevertheless overturned the judgment.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
1993-02-11
Craxi resigned as PSI secretary amid escalating investigations and revelations concerning the 'conto protezione'.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
1993-04-29
Before the Chamber, Craxi acknowledged widespread illegal party funding while maintaining that it was systemic and known throughout the political establishment.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
années 1990
The aspect of the All Iberian case concerning illegal financing attributed to Craxi was declared time-barred.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
années 1990
Craxi was convicted at first instance in a case involving bribes linked to ENEL.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
1984–1985
The Craxi government reduced several points of the scala mobile wage-indexation mechanism by decree, triggering a major confrontation with the PCI and part of the CGIL. The measure was subsequently put to a referendum in 1985 and upheld by voters.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
1985-10
Craxi ordered Italian forces to prevent US military personnel from seizing the Achille Lauro hijackers after their aircraft was forced to land at Sigonella, asserting Italian judicial jurisdiction.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
1985-10
After Sigonella, Palestinian leader Abu Abbas, considered by the United States to be the mastermind of the operation, was allowed to leave Italy for Belgrade. The PRI temporarily left the governing coalition and Washington protested strongly.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
1984
After judicial orders halted several Fininvest networks, Craxi adopted a decree authorising their broadcasts, consolidating the RAI-Fininvest duopoly and the nationwide development of the group owned by his close associate Silvio Berlusconi.
Last verified: 15 September 2026
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