Category
132 profiles
24 profiles of this category are not translated yet: see the French page.
Sort: by name · by number of controversies
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “1970s: nepotism and rapid promotion of son-in-law Yuri Churbanov” and “1976–1982: repression of Moscow Helsinki Group despite Helsinki commitments”.
11 controversies · 10 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “1945–1998: death fleeing Berlin, trial in absentia, conviction on counts 3 and 4, followed by DNA identification of remains” and “1944–1945: political and organisational leadership of Volkssturm and continuation of final mobilisation”.
11 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “1939: arrest and torture-induced confessions to espionage, terrorism and sabotage” and “1940: summary secret trial, death sentence and execution”.
11 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “2003–2010: Darfur — two ICC arrest warrants for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide” and “2018–2019: deadly suppression of protest movement, state of emergency and overthrow”.
11 controversies · 16 sources1 conviction3 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “Leadership of Quds Force and support for Iraqi militias: US attribution of responsibility for hundreds of American military deaths” and “Quds Force oil network: alleged supervision of system generating hundreds of millions of dollars”.
11 controversies · 14 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “1970s–1990s: Clan favouritism and divide-and-rule strategy to maintain power” and “1988–1990: Bombing of northern Somalia and campaign of terror against Isaaq civilians”.
11 controversies · 7 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “2024–2026: Establishment of Special Tribunal for The Gambia to try crimes of Jammeh era” and “1998–2017: Alleged embezzlement of public funds, bribes and money laundering; US property forfeiture”.
11 controversies · 8 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “Murder in Belgrade and termination of ICTY proceedings before trial” and “ICTY publicly reveals indictment during the Kosovo War”.
11 controversies · 7 sources1 conviction2 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1990s–2006: prosecution and extradition requests over murder and torture — dies in exile without return to Paraguayan courts” and “1954–2003: 'tierras malhabidas' — nearly 7.85 million hectares allocated with serious irregularities, Stroessner among beneficiaries”.
10 controversies · 12 sources1 conviction2 formal charges
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1957–1961: attempt to oust Khrushchev, defeat of 'Anti-Party Group', political exile and expulsion from CPSU” and “1952–1953: responsibility for Soviet agriculture and acknowledged failure of agricultural policy”.
10 controversies · 5 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “Creation and use of Securitate as instrument of political terror” and “Forced collectivisation of agriculture and mass repression of peasants”.
10 controversies · 7 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1946: convicted on all four counts at Nuremberg, sentenced to death, then suicide by cyanide” and “1938–1945: industrial dispossession, plunder of occupied territories and extensive forced labour”.
10 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1993–2026: Presidential rule without national elections and 1997 Constitution never implemented” and “1994 onwards: Withdrawal of Jehovah's Witnesses' civil rights and enduring religious persecution”.
10 controversies · 12 sources
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “2011–2017: Repression of demonstrations, journalists and critical activists” and “2000s–2010s: Opaque oil revenues, corruption and enrichment of family elite”.
10 controversies · 9 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1933: Propaganda Ministry takes control of media, cinema, radio and cultural life” and “1939–1945: war propaganda justifying aggression, antisemitism and war of annihilation”.
10 controversies · 7 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1946: sentenced to ten years for crimes against peace and war crimes, acquitted of conspiracy” and “February 1945: discussion of possible denunciation of Geneva Convention and wording about measures taken “without warning””.
10 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “2007–2008: Life imprisonment followed by death sentence on appeal, unenforced because of exile” and “1994–2006: Trial in absentia for genocide, crimes against humanity and other Derg crimes”.
10 controversies · 9 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “Arrest following overthrow of Antonescu regime and trial before People's Tribunal” and “Death sentence and execution at Jilava”.
10 controversies · 8 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “2008–2019: Posthumous rehabilitation application definitively rejected by Serbian courts” and “January–February 1946: Handed over to Yugoslav authorities, questioned over collaboration and dies in custody before trial”.
10 controversies · 7 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “20 March 2019: Principal convictions upheld and sentence increased to life imprisonment” and “2012–2016: Genocide count concerning several municipalities in 1992 ultimately rejected”.
10 controversies · 3 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1930–1961: establishment of one-party state and personal control of country” and “1930s–1961: personality cult, renaming of Santo Domingo and pervasive symbolism”.
10 controversies · 8 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “8 June 2021: Appeal largely rejected; convictions and life sentence finally upheld” and “22 November 2017: Acquitted of genocide count concerning municipalities in 1992”.
10 controversies · 3 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1945–1946: arrest, Nuremberg trial, conviction on all four counts and execution” and “1942–1944: Commando Order — execution of Allied commandos even when captured in uniform or seeking surrender”.
10 controversies · 11 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1971 / revealed in 2007: Speer letter contradicts public denial of knowledge of announcement of Jewish extermination at Posen” and “1966–1981: public construction of the image of a repentant “good Nazi” through memoirs and interviews”.
9 controversies · 9 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesIdeologies, militancy and activism
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Nuremberg: guilty on all four counts and executed” and “Reich Minister for Occupied Eastern Territories and colonial administration”.
9 controversies · 7 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Appeal challenge to 200-metre criterion and legality of artillery strikes” and “Complete acquittal on appeal and immediate release”.
9 controversies · 8 sources1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Arrest by US forces, extradition to Poland and trial before Supreme National Tribunal” and “Death sentence for crimes committed in Warthegau and public execution”.
9 controversies · 8 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1945: limits scorched-earth policy, negotiates food supplies and is subsequently sentenced to death at Nuremberg” and “1941–1945: reprisals, hostage executions and repression of Dutch resistance”.
9 controversies · 9 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1946–1966: sentenced to twenty years for crimes against humanity, acquitted of conspiracy and released after serving sentence” and “1941–1944: administration receives reports describing exterminations and communications about “special action””.
9 controversies · 4 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Whiskey 108 / Kakarak: civil findings on two killings and pending criminal charges in 2026” and “Darwan / Ali Jan: civil finding concerning death after fall from cliff and pending criminal charge in 2026”.
9 controversies · 10 sources1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Public retraction of confession and remorse during imprisonment in Sweden” and “Early release after serving approximately two-thirds of sentence”.
9 controversies · 8 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Life sentence followed by early release on health grounds” and “Nuremberg trial: guilty on counts 1, 2 and 3”.
9 controversies · 5 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1945–1946: Capture, war-crimes and high-treason trial, death sentence and execution” and “November 1944–January 1945: Budapest ghetto and Arrow Cross terror, including Danube executions”.
9 controversies · 6 sources2 convictions2 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1938: death sentence and execution; subsequent refusal of rehabilitation” and “1937–1938: arrest followed by third Moscow trial on charges of treason, conspiracy and murder”.
9 controversies · 4 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1946: found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, sentenced to death and executed” and “1939–1944: reign of terror, hostage executions and summary courts in General Government”.
9 controversies · 5 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1980s–2017: sexual violence under the regime — first-instance conviction for personally committing rape, followed by acquittal on that count on appeal” and “2016–2017: life sentence upheld on appeal for crimes against humanity, torture and war crimes”.
9 controversies · 11 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Lawsuit against Özgür Özel over Ergenekon/Balyoz criticism: damages claim ultimately dismissed by Court of Cassation” and “Daughter's transfer to medical school: favouritism allegations and Akar's public defence”.
9 controversies · 17 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1944–1946: involvement in unlawful killing plans, then convicted on all four counts and executed” and “1938–1945: Nazification of Foreign Ministry and growing involvement in anti-Jewish persecution”.
9 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1944–1947: Remains in power after uprising, flees, is captured, convicted of treason/collaboration and executed” and “1939–1944: Consolidation of an authoritarian dominant-party state with Tiso at top of political hierarchy”.
9 controversies · 7 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1983–1987: first major French crimes against humanity trial, convicted of 17 crimes and sentenced to life imprisonment” and “1972–1983: publicly identified in Bolivia, French extradition requests long blocked before removal to France”.
9 controversies · 7 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1943–1945: transfer to Trieste, continued persecution of Jews and anti-partisan repression in Adriatic Littoral” and “1943–1945: Risiera di San Sabba — detention, torture, murders and transit to camps under his command apparatus”.
9 controversies · 9 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Final appellate conviction for crimes against humanity relating to Hrtkovci” and “Complete acquittal at first instance”.
9 controversies · 7 sources4 convictions4 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1962–1984: expulsion from party followed by late reinstatement despite avowed loyalty to Stalinism” and “1957: participation in “Anti-Party Group” attempting to remove Khrushchev”.
9 controversies · 13 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1945–13 September 1946: capture, extradition to Poland, death sentence and execution” and “13 September 1944: arrested by SS judiciary for theft of Jewish property and other abuses, without final Nazi judgment”.
8 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “2001: Russian Supreme Court refuses rehabilitation, while overturning limited anti-Soviet propaganda charge” and “1946: secret Soviet treason trial and execution by hanging”.
8 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “Gwangju memoirs: criminal defamation conviction followed by final civil ruling establishing factual falsifications” and “Samcheong "re-education" camps: arbitrary arrests, forced labour, deaths and widespread human rights abuses”.
8 controversies · 14 sources1 conviction2 formal charges
Organised crime and cartelsAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “2016: Clan del Golfo "paro armado" and other violence subsequently included in Colombian conviction” and “2023–2026: 45-year US prison sentence and new 30-year Colombian conviction”.
8 controversies · 11 sources2 convictions2 formal charges
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “July 1941: Leading role in founding LVF and personal enlistment in German uniform” and “1943–1944: PPF gangs involved in repression alongside the SS and Gestapo”.
8 controversies · 9 sources
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