Category
132 profiles
24 profiles of this category are not translated yet: see the French page.
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Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1987: sentenced to death for murders and embezzlement of public funds — acquitted of cannibalism and several other charges” and “1979–1981: 'Diamond Affair' and suspicions of valuable gifts to Valéry Giscard d'Estaing”.
8 controversies · 13 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “2001–2013: Operation Condor proceedings — unlawful association, illegal arrests and torture” and “1976–2012: systematic plan to appropriate babies born in captivity — 50-year sentence”.
8 controversies · 9 sources3 convictions3 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesScience, medicine and health
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1949–1992: flight to Argentina, Paraguay and Brazil, death in 1979, exhumation in 1985 and DNA confirmation in 1992 without ever standing trial” and “1945–1949: released by US army under false identity, then hidden in Germany with family's help”.
8 controversies · 2 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1974: Constitution grants Tito presidency without term limit” and “1971–1972: Croatian Spring — purge of approximately 800 officials after Tito's direct intervention”.
8 controversies · 12 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1946: acquitted of conspiracy but sentenced to death for crimes against humanity linked to antisemitic incitement” and “1923–1945: founding and publication of Der Stürmer, vehicle for virulent, sexualised antisemitic propaganda”.
8 controversies · 4 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1984–1985: maintenance of conservative policy but cautious resumption of East–West contacts” and “December 1984–February 1985: lengthy absences, secrecy surrounding health and apparently staged voting appearance”.
8 controversies · 5 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “Nuremberg: guilty on all four counts, 15 years' imprisonment, release due to illness” and “Introduction of antisemitic policies and political repression in Protectorate”.
8 controversies · 5 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “August 1944–1955: Sigmaringen, flight to Italy under false name and death sentence in absentia” and “1940: Political control of L’Œuvre and active propaganda in support of Germany”.
8 controversies · 5 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1957–1988: posthumous legal and political rehabilitation confirming invalidity of 1937 charges” and “May–June 1937: arrest, secret treason trial and execution at beginning of Red Army purge”.
8 controversies · 9 sources1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “Exile, internment and arrests in Romania, Poland and Danzig” and “Insurgent warfare: territorial control, raids and clashes with multiple armies”.
8 controversies · 7 sources1 conviction2 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1652–1650s: Confiscations and transplantation to Connacht associated with "Cromwellian settlement"” and “1655 and 1658: Repeated dissolutions of Protectorate Parliaments amid opposition”.
8 controversies · 9 sources
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “100% tariffs on Serbian and Bosnian goods, virtually freezing dialogue with Belgrade” and “Resignation as prime minister after summons by Specialist Chambers as suspect”.
8 controversies · 13 sources1 formal charge
Ideologies, militancy and activismAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1943–1944: supreme command of UPA and expansion of ethnic cleansing against Poles in Eastern Galicia” and “1944: internal policy of fabricating evidence and shifting responsibility for mass violence”.
8 controversies · 3 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1947–1987: life imprisonment at Spandau, followed by suicide in prison aged 93” and “1945–1946: found fit despite memory problems; guilty on counts 1 and 2, acquitted on counts 3 and 4”.
8 controversies · 4 sources2 convictions2 formal charges
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1979–2026: Retention of power, PDGE dominance and elections without effective competition” and “Arbitrary arrests, torture, incommunicado detention and political prisoners under Obiang regime”.
8 controversies · 8 sources
Organised crime and cartelsAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “2016: Sentenced to 30 years for murder of demobilised former FARC guerrilla” and “2004–2011: Murder of brother Carlos Castaño — identified as instigator and subsequently convicted”.
8 controversies · 9 sources5 convictions7 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1945: Trial for high treason, murder and financial offences, death sentence and execution” and “November 1942–1943: Quisling regime's participation in deportation of Norwegian Jews to Auschwitz”.
8 controversies · 11 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “Public split with Netanyahu over post-war Gaza and rejection of Israeli military administration” and “Conflict over ultra-Orthodox conscription followed by actual dismissal by Netanyahu”.
8 controversies · 11 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1970s–1980s: rise to top of party and state within system dominated by husband” and “1970s–1989: construction of largely fictitious official scientific career”.
7 controversies · 7 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1959–1986: sentenced to death for war crimes, sentence not carried out and life imprisonment” and “1949–1958: British arrest, extradition to Poland and eight years' detention before trial”.
7 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1933–1934: demand for “second revolution” and plan to transform SA into people's army dominating Reichswehr” and “30 June–1 July 1934: false “Röhm putsch” narrative, arrest and extrajudicial execution on Hitler's orders”.
7 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “Baghdad visit and reported opposition to immediate disarmament of Iraqi factions” and “British and European sanctions linked to Quds Force support for regional armed groups”.
7 controversies · 11 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1 January 1959: flight from Cuba and collapse of regime” and “1957–1958: police brutality, torture, arbitrary arrests and alleged extrajudicial executions”.
7 controversies · 8 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “Verbal escalation with Washington during US strikes against Houthis” and “After direct attack on Israel in April 2024: announcement of "new equation" of retaliation”.
7 controversies · 7 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “September 1944: Retreat to Sigmaringen and integration of Milice members into SS Charlemagne Division” and “October 1945: Sentenced to death for collaboration with the enemy and executed”.
7 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1941: command of Leningrad sector marked by major retreats before replacement” and “1939–1940: severe Soviet difficulties during Winter War and replacement as Defence Commissar”.
7 controversies · 9 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1997–2001: Unfulfilled democratisation promises and no competitive national election before assassination” and “May 1997–1998: Suspension of political party activities and authoritarian concentration of power”.
7 controversies · 6 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1941: Uman and Kyiv disasters under his strategic command, but warning to Stalin of encirclement risk” and “1930s: doctrinal opposition to some of Tukhachevsky's ideas on large armoured formations”.
7 controversies · 10 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesScience, medicine and health
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1948–1959: Absence from Tokyo trial, Khabarovsk revelations concerning other members and death without trial” and “1946–1948: Negotiation of US immunity in exchange for human experimentation data”.
7 controversies · 7 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “Life sentence followed by release in 1957 on health grounds” and “Nuremberg trial: acquitted on count 1, convicted on counts 2, 3 and 4”.
7 controversies · 3 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Science, medicine and healthAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1969–1980s: Testimony on Mittelwerk, protection of his image and subsequent posthumous historical reassessment” and “1945–1955: Project Paperclip and transfer to United States despite Nazi Party and SS past”.
7 controversies · 7 sources
Justice, police and intelligenceAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 6 controversies, including “Khashoggi case: US attribution and sanctions despite favourable Saudi judicial outcome” and “London: attempted "citizen's arrest" over war crimes, egg thrown and reported obscene gesture”.
6 controversies · 8 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesJustice, police and intelligence
Documented profile covering 6 controversies, including “1922–1926: continuity of political police under GPU/OGPU and consolidation of security apparatus around Dzerzhinsky” and “1918–1922: formation of Cheka's own armed forces for punitive operations and internal control”.
6 controversies · 10 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 6 controversies, including “1957–1971: executions, imprisonment, forced exile and state terrorism” and “1964: proclamation as president for life”.
6 controversies · 8 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 6 controversies, including “1979–2003: disappearance of Montoneros members under First Army Corps — Galtieri arrested in 2002” and “1982–1989: Rattenbach Report and military conviction for negligence in the war, followed by presidential pardon”.
6 controversies · 7 sources1 conviction2 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesJustice, police and intelligence
Documented profile covering 6 controversies, including “1941–1942: terror in Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and establishment of Theresienstadt ghetto” and “1942: Operation Anthropoid assassination, Heydrich's death and Nazi reprisals including Lidice”.
6 controversies · 6 sources
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