Category
132 profiles
24 profiles of this category are not translated yet: see the French page.
Sort: by name · by number of controversies
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “1939: arrest and torture-induced confessions to espionage, terrorism and sabotage” and “1940: summary secret trial, death sentence and execution”.
11 controversies · 6 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1943–1945: transfer to Trieste, continued persecution of Jews and anti-partisan repression in Adriatic Littoral” and “1943–1945: Risiera di San Sabba — detention, torture, murders and transit to camps under his command apparatus”.
9 controversies · 9 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1652–1650s: Confiscations and transplantation to Connacht associated with "Cromwellian settlement"” and “1655 and 1658: Repeated dissolutions of Protectorate Parliaments amid opposition”.
8 controversies · 9 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “2003–2010: Darfur — two ICC arrest warrants for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide” and “2018–2019: deadly suppression of protest movement, state of emergency and overthrow”.
11 controversies · 16 sources1 conviction3 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 13 controversies, including “1945: Trial for high treason and collaboration with enemy — death sentence, national degradation and commutation to life imprisonment” and “1940–1944: "National Revolution" — dismantling republican institutions, cult of leadership and authoritarian policies”.
13 controversies · 17 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 12 controversies, including “October 1945: Death sentence and execution following a trial whose fairness remained disputed” and “January 1943: Legal establishment of the French Milice under the authority of the head of government”.
12 controversies · 11 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 15 controversies, including “1997–1998: Arrested by Ta Mok faction, subjected to internal 'trial' and dies before international proceedings” and “1997: Orders killing of Son Sen, his wife Yun Yat and numerous members of their family”.
15 controversies · 10 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “Leadership of Quds Force and support for Iraqi militias: US attribution of responsibility for hundreds of American military deaths” and “Quds Force oil network: alleged supervision of system generating hundreds of millions of dollars”.
11 controversies · 14 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “20 March 2019: Principal convictions upheld and sentence increased to life imprisonment” and “2012–2016: Genocide count concerning several municipalities in 1992 ultimately rejected”.
10 controversies · 3 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1930–1961: establishment of one-party state and personal control of country” and “1930s–1961: personality cult, renaming of Santo Domingo and pervasive symbolism”.
10 controversies · 8 sources
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “100% tariffs on Serbian and Bosnian goods, virtually freezing dialogue with Belgrade” and “Resignation as prime minister after summons by Specialist Chambers as suspect”.
8 controversies · 13 sources1 formal charge
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 19 controversies, including “2024: renewed call for collective punishment of families after Dagestan attacks” and “2023: assault on Elena Milashina and lawyer Alexander Nemov in Grozny”.
19 controversies · 17 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “8 June 2021: Appeal largely rejected; convictions and life sentence finally upheld” and “22 November 2017: Acquitted of genocide count concerning municipalities in 1992”.
10 controversies · 3 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesJustice, police and intelligence
Documented profile covering 6 controversies, including “1941–1942: terror in Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and establishment of Theresienstadt ghetto” and “1942: Operation Anthropoid assassination, Heydrich's death and Nazi reprisals including Lidice”.
6 controversies · 6 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 13 controversies, including “2008–2009: Marange — military operation in diamond fields, more than 200 deaths and forced labour” and “2008: campaign of violence after first-round defeat and presidential runoff without genuine competition”.
13 controversies · 12 sources
Ideologies, militancy and activismAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1943–1944: supreme command of UPA and expansion of ethnic cleansing against Poles in Eastern Galicia” and “1944: internal policy of fabricating evidence and shifting responsibility for mass violence”.
8 controversies · 3 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1947–1987: life imprisonment at Spandau, followed by suicide in prison aged 93” and “1945–1946: found fit despite memory problems; guilty on counts 1 and 2, acquitted on counts 3 and 4”.
8 controversies · 4 sources2 convictions2 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 19 controversies, including “2005–2006: Dujail trial, death sentence upheld and hanging; major criticism of trial fairness” and “2006: Charged with genocide in Anfal trial, but proceedings against him ended following execution”.
19 controversies · 16 sources1 conviction2 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 12 controversies, including “1980–1990: Torture, disappearances, extrajudicial executions and imprisonment of opponents as recurring practices” and “1989–1990: Counter-insurgency in Nimba — civilian executions, village burnings, rape and looting”.
12 controversies · 7 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1941: Uman and Kyiv disasters under his strategic command, but warning to Stalin of encirclement risk” and “1930s: doctrinal opposition to some of Tukhachevsky's ideas on large armoured formations”.
7 controversies · 10 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesScience, medicine and health
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1948–1959: Absence from Tokyo trial, Khabarovsk revelations concerning other members and death without trial” and “1946–1948: Negotiation of US immunity in exchange for human experimentation data”.
7 controversies · 7 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “1970s–1990s: Clan favouritism and divide-and-rule strategy to maintain power” and “1988–1990: Bombing of northern Somalia and campaign of terror against Isaaq civilians”.
11 controversies · 7 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 13 controversies, including “11–14 March 2006: Dies of natural causes in detention and trial closes without verdict” and “2004: Rule 98 bis decision — almost all counts maintained, but certain crime scenes removed; no finding of guilt”.
13 controversies · 10 sources1 formal charge
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1979–2026: Retention of power, PDGE dominance and elections without effective competition” and “Arbitrary arrests, torture, incommunicado detention and political prisoners under Obiang regime”.
8 controversies · 8 sources
Organised crime and cartelsAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “2016: Sentenced to 30 years for murder of demobilised former FARC guerrilla” and “2004–2011: Murder of brother Carlos Castaño — identified as instigator and subsequently convicted”.
8 controversies · 9 sources5 convictions7 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “1945: Trial for high treason, murder and financial offences, death sentence and execution” and “November 1942–1943: Quisling regime's participation in deportation of Norwegian Jews to Auschwitz”.
8 controversies · 11 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “Final appellate conviction for crimes against humanity relating to Hrtkovci” and “Complete acquittal at first instance”.
9 controversies · 7 sources4 convictions4 formal charges
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 9 controversies, including “1962–1984: expulsion from party followed by late reinstatement despite avowed loyalty to Stalinism” and “1957: participation in “Anti-Party Group” attempting to remove Khrushchev”.
9 controversies · 13 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “Life sentence followed by release in 1957 on health grounds” and “Nuremberg trial: acquitted on count 1, convicted on counts 2, 3 and 4”.
7 controversies · 3 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Science, medicine and healthAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 7 controversies, including “1969–1980s: Testimony on Mittelwerk, protection of his image and subsequent posthumous historical reassessment” and “1945–1955: Project Paperclip and transfer to United States despite Nazi Party and SS past”.
7 controversies · 7 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 10 controversies, including “1945–1946: arrest, Nuremberg trial, conviction on all four counts and execution” and “1942–1944: Commando Order — execution of Allied commandos even when captured in uniform or seeking surrender”.
10 controversies · 11 sources1 conviction1 formal charge
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “2024–2026: Establishment of Special Tribunal for The Gambia to try crimes of Jammeh era” and “1998–2017: Alleged embezzlement of public funds, bribes and money laundering; US property forfeiture”.
11 controversies · 8 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesBusiness and billionaires
Documented profile covering 14 controversies, including “2023: US designates Wagner a significant transnational criminal organisation” and “2023: gold and diamond network in Central African Republic used to finance Wagner”.
14 controversies · 16 sources1 formal charge
Politics and governmentAuthoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 8 controversies, including “Public split with Netanyahu over post-war Gaza and rejection of Israeli military administration” and “Conflict over ultra-Orthodox conscription followed by actual dismissal by Netanyahu”.
8 controversies · 11 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocitiesPolitics and government
Documented profile covering 15 controversies, including “1982–1983: anti-corruption campaign and selective purge of Brezhnev-era networks” and “January 1983: raids against absenteeism in cinemas, public baths, shops and other premises”.
15 controversies · 12 sources
Authoritarian regimes, wars and mass atrocities
Documented profile covering 11 controversies, including “Murder in Belgrade and termination of ICTY proceedings before trial” and “ICTY publicly reveals indictment during the Kosovo War”.
11 controversies · 7 sources1 conviction2 formal charges
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